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Traced back to the early ‘500 with the name of San Sebastiano, the church was dedicated to and renamed for San Carlo in the 1770s.
Info: Friends of Bagnaia Association “Art and History” Tel. 3384613485
CHURCH OF SAN CARLO
HISTORY
Already established prior to 1500 with the name San Sebastiano, the small church suffered from the beginning from erratic vicissitudes that caused the church to be in a precarious state and abandonment. Thanks only to the private intervention of Mastro Domenico Guglielmini, “for charity and alms,” at the beginning of the seventeenth century, the church acquired new respect. In 1618, with the permission from the Vicar General and the transfer of the rights from the City Hall, the church of San Sebastiano was bestowed upon the Brotherhood of Sant’Ambrogio e San Carlo. With the new stimulus from the brotherhood, the church finally found a period of stability, and in 1770, it acquired the dedication to San Carlo. The documentary evidence regarding the building between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are not abundant, only a few bequeathals and donations from members of the brotherhood exist. In 1775, after receiving a nomination to become pope, Giovannangelo Braschi (the designated Cardinal Protector of this church) began a new period of splendor for the church. There were renovated interiors and the small cloister was transformed into a garden. The image of San Carlo (no longer in existence) was placed on the high altar. On the minor altars, images of S. Pietro and S. Luigi Gonzaga were placed. In 1991, the church underwent a complete renovation. The renovation allowed for the restoration of dignity to the church. It is still run by the Brotherhood of San Carlo.
THE FACADE
The Church of San Carlo di Bagnaia (VT) is situated on Via Gianbologna, on the left of the original access to the famous, adjoining Villa Lante. The façade is a simple capanna with a door formed by an undecorated structural trilithic. A small bell tower located at the end of the roof houses a bell from 1829. On the left of the church there is a small garden that was fenced in on July 14, 1740 in order to be able to cultivate flowers for use in the church.
THE INTERIOR
There is a single nave in the church with a trussed ceiling. The floor is made of terracotta tiles. As you enter, on the walls opposite the façade is a marble plaque dated 1938, in remembrance of the decree that recognizes the power Mussolini and Vittorio Emanuele III gave to the Brotherhood of the church. The left wall houses a wooden confessional and immediately after, an altar dedicated to San Sebastiano with a canvas representing il Santo, painted by Padre Ortensio Gionfra in 1991. The altar and the pedestals in peperino stone are recent works, dating back to 1989, made specifically for the occasion of the restoration of the church. Above the altar is a small stained glass window depicting the Crocefisso di F. Crollalanza of 1979, and above that is a canvas painting of S. Pietro from the eighteenth century.
Just beyond the altar, affixed to the wall are marble plaques in memory of the concession made by Pope Pio VI on February 23 1775, to the Brotherhood of San Carlo, as a work of piety to “liberate once a year, a criminal from Bagnaia or Viterbo, as long as he has not committed theft or murder, and has a sentence of less than ten years.” Written in capital letters: “PRIVILEGIO QUOTAMNNIS ABSOLVENDI TRIREMIBUS EX CERTI CRIMINIBUS USQUE AD DECENNIUM REUM.” Just before the apse, there is a small painted plaster statue of San Luigi Gonzaga. On the sides of the apse two doors are found. The door on the right leads to a small room where the ropes of the bell are pulled. The door on the left leads to the sacristy. On the right wall, near the apse, a marble plaque cites the founding year of the Brotherhood. A little before this, there is an altar dedicated to San Carlo Borromeo with a canvas of the Saint, painted by Padre Ortensio Gionfra in 1991. Just as you enter from the right, affixed to the wall a processional banner made by Pietro Lante in 1902. On the banner is the representation of Cardinal Borromeo admonishing Cardinal de Gambara squandering money instead of thinking of the poor.
Translation by Lauren Williamson, Texas A&M University, enrolled in the USAC Viterbo program at the Università degli Studi della Tuscia.
ESSENTIAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
S. ALBANESE; Tecnica e restauri dei dipinti dell’Oratorio del Gonfalone. Tesi di Laurea dell’università degli studi della Tuscia, Viterbo A.A. 2002/2003.
A. BATTELLOCCHI; Il palazzo della loggia di Bagnaia. Tesi di Laurea dell’università degli studi della Tuscia, Viterbo A.A. 2002/2003.
A. S. BRESCIA; Il Lavatoio di Via degli Orti è un monumento storico, in La Loggeta, I, 2014 Viterbo. Pag. 142.
F. BUSSI; Istoria della città di Viterbo, Roma 1742.
A. CARONES; Memorie Istoriche della terra di Bagnaia. Raccolte dal sacerdote Arcangelo Carones. manoscritto pubblicato a cura dell’Associazione Amici di Bagnaia Arte e Storia. Viterbo 1983.
A. CAROSI; Le epigrafi medievali di Viterbo, Viterbo 1986.
L. DELLA ROCCA, Gli Affreschi della chiesa di S. Stefano a Bagnaia e la società delle disciplinatrici nel tardo medioevo. Viterbo, 2002.
L. DELLA ROCCA, Gli Affreschi della chiesa di S. Stefano a Bagnaia e la società delle disciplinatrici nel tardo medioevo. in Biblioteca e Società, II. Viterbo, 2002.
O. EGIDI; Castel di Salce, in DE MINICIS (a cura di), Insediamenti rupestri medievali della Tuscia, Roma 2003, p. 102.
I. FALDI; Pittori Viterbesi di cinque secoli. Roma, 1970.
G. FERRO; Le mura medievali di Vitorchiano, in GUIDONI E., DE MINICIS, E., (a cura di),
Le mura medievali del Lazio. Studi sull’area viterbese, Roma 1993, pp. 61-75,
F. FOPPOLI; Le mura medievali di Barbarano Romano, in GUIDONI, E., DE MINICIS, E., (a cura di).
Le mura medievali del Lazio. Studi sull’area viterbese, Roma 1993, pp. 76-85.
F. FOPPOLI; VISINO S., Case con portico di Barbarano Romano, in GUIDONI
E., DE MINICIS E. (a cura di) Case e torri medievali I, Roma 1996, pp. 179-185.
V. FRITTELLI; Bagnaia. “Cronache d’una terra del Patrimonio”, Viterbo 1977.
I. GIORGI, U. BALZANI (a cura di), Il regesto di Farfa di Gregorio di Catino, Roma 1879-1914.
S. GRAZZIOTTI; Bagnaia, frammenti di storia in La Loggetta, 88, lugl – sett 2011. Pag. 70
A. LANCONELLI; Dal castrum alla civitas: il territorio viterbese tra VIII e XI secolo, in “Società e storia”, 56 (1992), pp. 245-266.
J. LE GOFF; L’immaginario medievale, Bari 1998.
M. MORTARELLA; Liber Statutorum Balnearie 1565. A cura di. Viterbo 2012.
C. PINZI; Gli ospizi medievali e l’Ospedal Grande di Viterbo, Viterbo 1983.
C. PINZI; Storia della città di Viterbo, Roma 1913.
C. PINZI; Il castello e la villa di Bagnaia, Viterbo 1908.
C. PINZI; Storia della città di Viterbo, Roma 1913,
G. SERONE. Le mura medievali di Bagnaia. Analisi diacronica di un manufatto architettonico, in Il Tesoro delle città Strenna dell’Associazione storia delle città. 2007. PP. .473 – 491.
G. SIGNORELLI; Viterbo nella storia della Chiesa, Viterbo 1907.
C. SCIVOLA, L’amministrazione del patrimonio della Confraternita del Gonfalone di Bagnaia; Tesi di Laurea dell’università degli studi della Tuscia, Viterbo A.A. 2003/2004.
C. SCIVOLA, La confraternita del Gonfalone di Bagnaia; Tesi di Laurea dell’università degli studi della Tuscia, Viterbo A.A. 2002/2003.
Fonti
I. CIAMPI, Cronache e statuti della città di Viterbo, Firenze 1872, pp. 417-418;
A. ROSSI, Spogli vaticani, in Giornale di erudizione artistica, VI (1877), pp. 204 s.;
C. PINZI, Memorie e documenti inediti sulla Basilica di S. Maria della Quercia a Viterbo, in Arch. stor. dell’arte, III (1890), pp. 300-305 con App. di documenti; Id., Gli Ospizi medioevali e l’Ospedale Grande di Viterbo, Viterbo 1893, p. 134 e documenti XXII, XXIII in App.
G. SIGNORELLI, Viterbo nella storia della Chiesa, Viterbo 1938, II, I, pp. 224 s., 237, 265, 273; 2, p. 395.